Weierstrass Approximation
Let f C [ a , b ] , then there is a sequence ( p n ) : N 1 R [ x ] that converges uniformly to f on [ a , b ]
Integrals Equal Zero Implies Function is Zero
Suppose that f C [ 0 , 1 ] such that 0 1 f ( x ) x n d x = 0 for every n N 1 then f = 0

By wat, we obtain a sequence of poly's ( p k ) that converge uniformly o f .

We know that for any k we see that p k ( x ) = i = 1 l k c i x i and therefore

0 1 f ( x ) p k ( x ) d x = i = 1 l k c i 0 1 f ( x ) x n = 0

Since products maintain uniform convergence, we also know that f ( x ) p n ( x ) unif f ( x ) 2 . And define H n : [ 0 , 1 ] R as H n ( x ) := 0 x f ( t ) p n ( t ) d t therefore H n unif H where H ( x ) = c x f 2 ( x ) d x specifically when x = 1 we have that 0 1 f ( x ) p n ( x ) d x ( = 0 ) unif 0 1 f 2 ( x ) d x thus 0 1 f 2 ( x ) d x = 0 so that f = 0 as needed.

Continuous Extension on Compact Subset
Let N R and let K [ N , N ] be compact, then show that every continuous function f on X may be extended to a continuous function g on [ N , N ] such that f = g , conclude that every continuous function on X is the uniform limit of polynomials.

We construct the new function g as follows, given p X then we define g ( p ) = f ( p ) , otherwise p X , note that since X is compact it's closed so that X C is open, since p X C then we know that there exists some ϵ R + such that B ( x , ϵ ) X C

Now define L = { x X : x < p } and R = { x X : x > p } . If both L = R = then X = { p } and so since we assumed p X that would be a contradiction, so instead one of these must be non-empty, assume that L , we claim that L = X ( , p ϵ ] , this is the case because for any element s B ( p , ϵ ) it's true that s L , but also we do know that p ϵ X , therefore L is the intersection of two closed sets and therefore closed.

Since L is closed then sup ( L ) L , if it's the case that R = then we linearly interpolate from f ( sup ( L ) ) to 0 over [ sup ( L ) , N ] , otherwise R and we linearly interpolate from f ( sup ( L ) ) to f ( inf ( R ) ) over x [ sup ( L ) , inf ( R ) ] . Note that by doing this it maintains the sup norm.

The function is continuous as it's a piecewise continuous and at each connection point they are continouous as the left and right limits are equal. Thus g is a continuous extension of f on [ N , N ] , due to this we can apply WAT to g to obtain a sequence of polynomials whose limit is g , then by restriction the domain of the polynomails to X then these "new" ones go to f .