Rational Sequence
A rational sequence ( a n ) is a sequence such that a n Q
Cauchy Sequence
Let ( a n ) be a rational sequence. We say that ( a n ) is a cauchy sequence if for any ϵ R + there exists some N N 0 such that for every n , m N | a n a m | ϵ
A Convergent Rational Sequence is Cauchy
Suppose that a n L for some L R , then ( a n ) is cauchy
Let ϵ R + since ( a n ) converges to q then we know that there exists some M N 0 such that for any n N we have that | a n L | < ϵ 2 , take N = M and let n , m M then we have | a n a m | = | ( a n L ) ( a m L ) | | a n L | + | a m q | < ϵ 2 + ϵ 2 = ϵ where we've used the triangle inequality
A Cauchy Sequence is Bounded
If ( a n ) is a cauchy sequence, then there exists some M Q such that | a n | M

Since ( a n ) is cauchy then with ϵ = 1 we get an N N 0 such that for any m , n N we have that | a n a m | < 1 . Specificially since N + 1 N then we would know that | a N + 1 a m | 1 which is the same as a N + 1 1 < a n < a N + 1 + 1 so that | a n | max ( | a N + 1 1 | , | a N + 1 + 1 | )

Therefore set M = max ( | a 0 | , | a 1 | , , | a N | , | a N + 1 1 | , | a N + 1 + 1 | ) With this, let k N 0 then we know that if k N then | a k | M as they are directly included in our maximum, on the other hand if k > N then | a k | < max ( | a N + 1 1 | , | a N + 1 + 1 | ) M and therefore ( a n ) is bounded.

The Collection of All Cauchy Sequence
We use the notation C Q to denote the set of all cauchy sequences of rational numbers
Cauchy Subtraction Relation
Let ( a n ) , ( b n ) C Q , and we define the relation such that they are related if a n b n 0
The Cauchy Subtraction Relation is an Equivalence Relation

Let ( a n ) , ( b n ) , ( c n ) C Q , let's show that the relation is reflexive, first we have to show that a n a n 0 the sequence a n a n is zero for every index so it trivially tends to 0.

To show that the relation is symmetric we assume that a n b n 0 , and we must show that b n a n 0 , so let ϵ R + , so we get some N N 0 such that for all n N 0 we have that | a n b n | < ϵ but since we can move things around inside of the absolute value bars we get | b n a n | < ϵ as needed.