Field
A field is a set F with two binary operations , such that for any a , b , c F we have
  1. , are both associative and commutative
  2. Identities: There exist identity elements 0 F 1 F F for and respectively
  3. Additive Inverses: There exists an a F such that a a = 0 F
  4. Multiplicative Inverses: If a 0 there exists an a 1 F such that a a 1 = 1 F
  5. Distributivity: distributes into
The Complex Numbers Form a Field
The complex numbers with their standard addition and multiplication form a field
A Field is a Crone
Suppose that F is a field, then F is a crone
A Crone with Multiplicative Inverses is a Field
Suppose that ( R , , ) is a non-zero crone then if for every a 0 , there is an a a 1 = 1 R then R is a field
Field Implies Domain
Suppose that F is a field, then F is a domain

We already know that since F is a field then F is a crone, so one way would be just showing that it's a domain through this characterization of a domain

Suppose that x , y F and assume that x y = 0 F , if x = 0 R , we've proven the statement, if x 0 R , then since F has multiplicative inverses for non-zero elements we know that x 1 x y = x 1 0 R = 0 R , thus after cancellation and multiplication by one we have y = 0 R as needed.

Finite Extension of the Rationals
We define the set for any x R as Q ( x ) := { a + b x : a , b Q } R
Multiplicative Inverse in a Finite Extension of the Rationals
Suppose that p is prime and that x + y p Q ( p ) , such that x + y p 0 , then it's multiplicative inverse can be written as a + b p for some a , b Q
Since x + y p R , and it's non-zero, then in R we have an inverse: 1 / ( x + y p ) , we can then rationalize that as follows 1 x + y p = 1 x + y p x y p x y p = x y p x 2 y 2 p

Now let's observe the denominator x 2 y 2 p , if this equals zero, then we have the following ( x y ) 2 = p note that division is justified since y 0 from the fact that x + y p was non-zero. For this equation to make any sense we require that ( x y ) 2 be an integer, which isn't necessarily the case and if it's not the case we've reached a contradiction.

Perhaps ( x y ) 2 is an integer (non-zero), in that case we're saying that there exists some integer a such that a 2 = p , but this is a contradiction as clearly the square of any non-zero integer is not prime, thus our original assumption that x 2 y 2 p = 0 is false, and thus we can safely write our multiplicative inverse as

x x 2 y 2 p y x 2 y 2 p p
The Integers mod a Prime Form a Field
Z / Z n is a field if and only if n is prime.

Suppose that n is prime, we recall that Z / n Z is a crone. Therefore to show it's a field we have to show it has multiplicative inverses, so let a ¯ Z / n Z { 0 ¯ } . Since a ¯ 0 ¯ then a 0 ( mod n ) therefore n a thus gcd ( n , a ) = 1 and we must have s , t Z such that 1 = n s + a t , taking this equation mod n we see that a t 1 ( mod n ) in otherwords a ¯ t ¯ = 1 ¯ so that t ¯ is a ¯ 's multiplicative inverse so that Z / n Z is a field.

We use the contrapositive so assume that n is not prime, therefore n is composite, so we have n = a b for some a , b 1 , . . . n 1 so clearly a ¯ 0 ¯ and b ¯ 0 ¯ but at the same time n | a b therefore a ¯ b ¯ = 0 ¯ , which shows that Z / n Z is not a domain, therefore it cannot be a field, as needed for the contrapositive, so the original implication holds true