Field Implies Domain
Suppose that
is a
field, then
F
is a
domain
We already know that since
F
is a field then
F
is a crone, so one way would be just showing that it's a domain through this characterization of a domain
Suppose that
x
,
y
∈
F
and assume that
x
⊗
y
=
0
F
, if
x
=
0
R
, we've proven the statement, if
x
≠
0
R
, then since
F
has multiplicative inverses for non-zero elements we know that
x
−
1
⊗
x
⊗
y
=
x
−
1
0
R
=
0
R
, thus after cancellation and multiplication by one we have
y
=
0
R
as needed.
Finite Extension of the Rationals
We define the set for any
x
∈
R
as
Q
(
x
)
:=
{
a
+
b
x
:
a
,
b
∈
Q
}
⊆
R
Multiplicative Inverse in a Finite Extension of the Rationals
Suppose that
p
is prime and that
x
+
y
p
∈
Q
(
p
)
, such that
x
+
y
p
≠
0
, then it's multiplicative inverse can be written as
a
+
b
p
for some
a
,
b
∈
Q
Since
x
+
y
p
∈
R
, and it's non-zero, then in
R
we have an inverse:
1
/
(
x
+
y
p
)
, we can then rationalize that as follows
1
x
+
y
p
=
1
x
+
y
p
⋅
x
−
y
p
x
−
y
p
=
x
−
y
p
x
2
−
y
2
p
Now let's observe the denominator
x
2
−
y
2
p
, if this equals zero, then we have the following
(
x
y
)
2
=
p
note that division is justified since
y
≠
0
from the fact that
x
+
y
p
was non-zero. For this equation to make any sense we require that
(
x
y
)
2
be an integer, which isn't necessarily the case and if it's not the case we've reached a contradiction.
Perhaps
(
x
y
)
2
is an integer (non-zero), in that case we're saying that there exists some integer
a
such that
a
2
=
p
, but this is a contradiction as clearly the square of any non-zero integer is not prime, thus our original assumption that
x
2
−
y
2
p
=
0
is false, and thus we can safely write our multiplicative inverse as
x
x
2
−
y
2
p
−
y
x
2
−
y
2
p
p